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Listed as an endangered species in Manitoba in 2012 and listed nationally as threatened, the Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) butterfly population has dropped dramatically throughout North America. In Canada, it is known to only inhabit 17 fields in south-eastern Manitoba, primarily on the Nature Conservancy of Canada's Tall Grass Prairie Natural Area. In the United States, the closest population appears only in a handful of sites in Iowa and North Dakota. Researchers from the University of Winnipeg, Minnesota Zoo and University of Michigan are now just outside of Winnipeg performing valuable research on this declining species. Since the adult butterfly is active for only two to three weeks, researchers are using this critical time to collect information on the Poweshiek skipperling's genetics and genetic diversity to save this important butterfly from extinction. "While many people think of the panda as an endangered species, the Poweshiek skipperling is rarer and right here in our backyards," said Cary Hamel, conservation science manager with the Nature Conservancy of Canada in Manitoba. "If we don't figure out why the population is declining so quickly and why the butterfly is dying off, we'll have lost another important species that used to live in the tall grass prairie. The cross-border collaboration with researchers will hopefully save this species from further decline or extinction."

Chemicals have become a weapon in man’s arsenal against crop-destroying insects and weeds. Fifty million tons of toxins are applied annually to soil and crops in America alone. What these poisons are doing to the entire web of life—and to personal health—began to be known some 40 to 50 years ago. We warned at that time that unless mankind drastically changed its ways, we were heading for disaster. And now, today, as you read these words, we are in the middle of that forecasted disaster—and are witnesses of an ever-expanding crisis!

BBS population trends are published annually for 61 bird species in Scotland, and the latest results show that 2012 was a particularly bad year for a number of migrant birds, including Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) and Swift (Apus apus). The latest figures from the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) show that numbers of Swifts fell by 42% in Scotland between 2011 and 2012. For Swifts, the latest drop in numbers is the third annual decline in a row, and follows a 57% decline in Scotland since the mid-1990s. Linnets (Carduelis cannabina), which live on farmland, also did badly in 2012, with the population declining by nearly 50% between 2011 and 2012, taking the numbers of this small finch to their lowest level in Scotland since the survey began in 1994.

Upon request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority prepared a scientific report that would aid the future establishment of protocols for chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity studies in rodents with whole food/feed. This scientific report provides a commentary on OECD TG 453 with considerations on its applicability to support the safety assessment of long term consumption of a given food with respect to its chronic toxicity or carcinogenicity potential. The decision to conduct chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity studies with whole food/feed should be taken on a case-by case basis. It should be based on the evaluation of all the available information on the whole food/feed resulting from compositional analyses and any other available nutritional and toxicological studies. The conduct of the study and its reporting should be in line with good laboratory practice standards. Preparation of appropriate test diets is a key element of the experiment with respect to characterisation of the starting material and of the diet, level of inclusion of whole food/feed, nutritional balance, processing and storage. Statistical considerations are discussed to assist in estimating the number of animals necessary to obtain a suitable sample size capable of detecting biologically relevant effects with a pre-specified power and significance level. A comprehensive set of endpoints as set out in the OECD TG 453 should be measured during and at the end of the study, as appropriate. The collection of data and reporting should ensure a thorough biological and statistical evaluation. Recommendations on the relevant issues to be considered when designing chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity studies in rodents with whole food/feed are provided throughout the report and summarised in the conclusions.

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup®, is the most popular herbicide used worldwide. The industry asserts it is minimally toxic to humans, but here we argue otherwise. Residues are found in the main foods of the Western diet, comprised primarily of sugar, corn, soy and wheat. Glyphosate's inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is an overlooked component of its toxicity to mammals. CYP enzymes play crucial roles in biology, one of which is to detoxify xenobiotics. Here, we show how interference with CYP enzymes acts synergistically with disruption of the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids by gut bacteria, as well as impairment in serum sulfate transport. We explain the documented effects of glyphosate and its ability to induce disease, and we show that glyphosate is the “textbook example” of exogenous semiotic entropy: the disruption of homeostasis by environmental toxins.

Two Congressional Democrats have co-sponsored new legislation called the Save America’s Pollinators Act of 2013 to take emergency action to save the remaining bees in the U.S., and in turn, the U.S. food supply. At issue is the use of toxic insecticides called neonicotinoids. Recent studies suggest that at least four types of these insecticides are a primary cause of the massive decline in bee populations seen in the U.S. in recent years. It is estimated over 10 million beehives been wiped out since 2007, as part of a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder. “Given that EPA allowed many of these insecticides on the market without adequate safety assessments and without adequate field studies on their impact to pollinator health, we feel it’s time that Congress support a bill like the Conyers-Blumenauer bill, which would suspend the use of the neonicotinoids until EPA does the adequate science to prove that these neonicotinoids… are not harmful - and if they are harmful, to keep them off the market,” Colin O’Neil, director for government affairs for the Centre for Food Safety, told IPS. “One-third of food that’s reliant on the honeybee pollination is really under threat, and threats to pollinators concern the entire food system,” O’Neil said.

The story started back in Germany when the cows of a farmer suffered and suddenly died from a mysterious disease after they were exclusively fed on Syngenta’s GM Bt 176. The farmer took Syngenta to court and Syngenta had to pay the farmer 40,000 Euros but the giant biotech completely denied that its GM corn caused the death of the livestock. However, few years later, the farmer found out that in a feeding study, Syngenta’s GM corn killed four cows in just two days. Now, few German farmers have come together and have taken Syngenta to the court for the death of famer’s cattle and covering up the deaths of livestock in the study. Most importantly, Hans-Theo Jahmann, the head of Syngenta is charged for not sharing his prior knowledge about the feeding study that resulted in the death of livestock in the first civil court.

In the present study, ultrastructural alterations induced by oral administration of imidacloprid over 4 weeks was assessed in rats. Forty eight male sprague dawley rats procured from NIN and divided into four groups. Group 1 given with basal diet, group 2 orally gavaged with 80mg/kg/day imidacloprid, group 3 was treated with vitamin C at the rate of 10 mg/kg b.wt/day and group 4 was treated with both imidacloprid and vitamin C
for 4 weeks. In group 2, Ultra thin sections of kidney has evidenced apoptotic nuclei, pleomorphic mitochondria and liver showed swollen nuclei, disrupted chromatin and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Testes revealed increased perinuclear space, disintegrated chromatin, degeneration of spermatids and brain revealed vacuolar mitochondria and apoptotic nuclei. A mild improvement was observed in group 4. In conclusion, these results suggest that exposure to imidacloprid in rats induced ultrastructural alterations and co-administration of vitamin C brought mild protection.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the keystone of the European Union’s food and feed safety risk assessment. Indeed, EFSA provides scientific advice to risks managers for the safety of food in the EU and a high level of protection for food-producing animals, including bees, their ecosystem services, such as crop pollination and honey production. The large bee losses reported worldwide over the last decades have stimulated a lot of research on the monitoring of bees, mainly Apis bees (honeybees), and their stressors (e.g. pathological, agrochemicals, environmental, nutritional, etc.), but principally on pathogens. During this process, extensive datasets have been generated and collated on honeybee losses that have been linked to diseases, pests and pathogens in Europe and North America. However, given the importance of all bee pollinators - not only honeybees ­- and the universally agreed multifactorial origin of bee losses, such an approach seems too limited and may fail in meeting the global protection goals of ensuring bee diversity, crop pollination and honey production.

A study carried out by the Italian National Research Council revealed the important function of some microorganisms able to metabolize toxic elements employed in agriculture, reclaiming soil and water.
A group of Italian researchers identified a bacterial strain able to clear soil from pesticide residues. This strain has been isolated from pesticide-treated soil samples. It is a natural occurring bacteria: the Rhodococcus wratislaviensis, able to mineralize herbicide such as terbuthylazine, which is one of the most common pesticide worldwide. Unfortunately, these toxic substances tend to persist in the environment and their use in agriculture in one of the most common cause of soil and water contamination. The surveys carried out revealed the presence of these microorganisms in pesticide-treated soil, then it can be assumed that this bacterial strain naturally developed this capacity to suit to the environment. In other words, these bacteria transform the toxic elements presence in an advantage by the production of enzymes able to mineralize these compounds, which are transformed into nutrients for their growth. The wide diversity of microbial metabolism makes microorganisms an innovative and sustainable solution for agricultural problems. In other words, they represent a new approach to farm management, from pest control to water management and soil fertility.