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The decline of pollinators worldwide is of growing concern and has been related to the use of plant protecting chemicals. Most studies have focused on three neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, currently subject to a moratorium in the EU. Here we focus on thiacloprid, a widely used cyano-substituted neonicotinoid thought to be less toxic to honey bees and of which use has increased in the last years. Honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) were exposed chronically to thiacloprid in the field for several weeks at a sublethal concentration.

In a new study that would seem to complicate the problem of saving honeybees and other pollinators, Indiana researchers have found that bees get only a minor part of their big pesticide burden from crop treatments — even in landscapes dominated, like Minnesota’s, by corn and soybean fields. Although neonicotinoid insecticides have received the most attention as a driver of beekeepers’ colony losses, it has long been known that honeybees examined post mortem are carrying a host of other pesticides.

A new approach to farming is needed to safeguard human health and avoid rising air and water pollution, high greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss, a group of 20 leading agronomists, health, nutrition and social scientists has concluded. Rather than the giant feedlots used to rear animals or the uniform crop monocultures that now dominate farming worldwide, the solution is to diversify agriculture and re-orient it around ecological practices, says the report by the International panel of experts on sustainable food systems (IPES-Food).

Neonicotinoids may be contributing towards the disappearance of butterflies from the countryside, according to the first scientific study to examine the effect of the controversial agricultural pesticides on British butterflies. Researchers found that 15 of 17 species which commonly live on farmland – including the small tortoiseshell, small skipper and wall butterfly – show declines associated with increasing neonic use.

The flora of cereal crops has declined dramatically in Catalonia (Spain) from the 50s to today. It is estimated that agricultural intensification has led to a reduction of over 50% of the wealth and 70% in the abundance of so-called weeds (flora arvense) respectively. This decline has been particularly dramatic in the rarest species and those that are characteristic of the harvest (segetals species). Agricultural practices more intense in the last five decades have also adversely affected the flora interesting for birds, pollinators and other invertebrates.

A new study led by scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey confirms the ongoing decline of amphibians around the world. The latest analysis suggests amphibian populations are declining at a rate of 3.79 percent per year. The negative effects of pesticide use are especially pronounced east of the Colorado River. Should such a decline continue, many amphibian species will become extinct across large portions of the U.S.

The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) is the smallest and most widespread of the falcons in North America. Sparrow hawks are about the size of a mourning dove, and they are found throughout the United States, Mexico, and Canada, preferring open grasslands and deserts. Kestrels live and nest in hollow trees near these open areas, laying five to seven eggs in the spring which hatch in about 30 days. The young mature quickly, usually leaving the nest in a month or so. Spotting kestrels is becoming harder these days as their population declines.

Over the past decades, both wild and domesticated insect pollinators are in dramatic decline, which puts at stake the existence of species, ecosystem resilience and global food security. Globally, 87 of major food crops depend on animal pollination. Together these account for 35 % of the world food production volume. Pollinator mediated crops are indispensable for essential micronutrients in the human diet. Many ornamental plants as well as crops for fibre, fodder, biofuels, timber and phytopharmaceuticals also depend on insect pollinators.

Sri Lanka’s newly elected President Maithripala Sirisena announced last year that the import of the World’s most used herbicide glyphosate will be banned with immediate effect. The release of already imported stocks has also been stopped. Sirisena, a farmer and ex Health Minister, stated that glyphosate is responsible for the increasing number of chronic kidney disease (CKDu) patients in Sri Lanka and added that the move would protect the Sri Lankan farming community.

This chapter focuses on the detrimental effects that pesticides have on managed honey bee colonies and their productivity. We examine first the routes of exposure of bees to agrochemicals used for crop protection and their application to crops, fate and contamination of water and plants around the fields. Most of the time, the exposure of bees to pesticides is through ingestion of residues found in the pollen and nectar of plants and in water. Honey bees are also exposed to pesticides used for the treatment of Varroa and other parasites.