According to revelation made by the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), the list of endangered fauna species which stood at 648 in 2013, has climbed to 665 in 2015, leaving many conservationists worried. Similarly, the number of endangered plant species too has gone up considerably.
Western pond turtles in Sequoia National Park and other California remote wildlands have been exposed to an assortment of agricultural and industrial contaminants, according to a study from the National Park Service and the University of California, Davis. In the study, published online in the journal Chemosphere, scientists sampled for 57 compounds, including pesticides, in turtles, invertebrates, and sediments from three sites: Sequoia National Park, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, and Six Rivers National Forest.
Der aktuelle Zustand der Tier- und Pflanzenarten in Deutschland ist alarmierend. Das geht aus dem ersten umfassenden Artenschutz-Report 2015 hervor, den das Bundesamts für Naturschutz (BfN) jetzt vorgestellt hat. Es sei allerhöchste Zeit zu handeln. Besonders dramatisch ist die Situation bei den wirbellosen Tieren, zu denen Insekten gehören: Knapp 46 Prozent der untersuchten Arten und Unterarten sind bedroht, extrem selten oder ausgestorben. Mit Sorge beobachten Experten dabei auch die negative Entwicklung aller 600 Wildbienenarten in Deutschland.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They've been linked to the decline of honeybees. But scientists now say they also harm many terrestrial, aquatic, and marine invertebrates. They damage sea urchin DNA, suppress the immune systems of crabs, and affect the tunneling and reproductive behavior of earthworms. They kill off the insects that many birds, amphibians, and reptiles rely on for food.
Pestizide rücken immer stärker ins Licht in der Diskussion um den Rückgang der Biologischen Vielfalt. In der Landwirtschaft großflächig Verwendung findende Pestizide wirken nicht nur auf die Zielorganismen, sondern direkt oder indirekt auf teils hochgradig gefährdete Arten unter europäischem Schutz. So finden vor allem die Auswirkungen von Neonikotinoiden auf Bienen aktuell starke Beachtung. Neue Veröffentlichungen weisen nun auf den Einfluss von Neonikotinoiden auf Vögel und Säuger hin. Dies kann durch eine direkte Wirkung geschehen, indem z.B.
Die Tierarten, die Pflanzen bestäuben und damit deren Reproduktion gewährleisten, sind weltweit stark bedroht. Nach einem Bericht der Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) besteht das Risiko, dass viele aussterben könnten, was zu enormen Schäden für die Landwirtschaft und zu wachsender Lebensmittelunsicherheit führen könnte. Der Bericht ist das Ergebnis einer zweijähriger Arbeit von 77 Experten, die an die 3000 Studien herangezogen haben. Zweimal ist der Bericht einem Peer Review von Experten und Regierungen unterzogen worden.
Like many other area farmers, the Bredeson family in Harvey Township, between Grove City and Litchfield, buys corn and soybeans seeds treated with pesticides. Pesticides are designed to improve crop yields, but they have side effects, and the family has been learning more about these effects from an expert — Mark and Julie Bredeson’s own son, Michael. “He’s kind of on the cutting edge of finding that these pesticides that farmers have been using for many years have become a detrimental thing to not only agriculture but mother nature,” Julie said about Michael’s work. Michael, a 2008 Litchfield High School graduate, is pursuing his Ph.D. at South Dakota State University, where he studies the effects of pesticides on organisms, particularly linked to sunflowers, a common cash crop in South Dakota. In commentary in the Independent Review (see below), Michael writes about pesticides’ effects and the long-term implications for birds, reptiles, mammals, fish and plants. Julie and Michael said they’ve both noticed a reduction in wildlife at and near the family’s Meeker County farm over the years. As he grew older, Michael noticed a decline in good fishing holes, which he attributes to runoff from crop fields. “My life revolved around fishing on all the little lakes. A few of my great fishing spots died off, and that kind of irritated me, of course,” he said. Julie said she’s also witnessed a decline in wildlife since she was a child. “The landscape as far as our wildlife, butterflies and bees, has dramatically changed,” she said. “It’s something we need to think about.”
Turtles have long been known for their longevity, but these days green sea turtles are causing alarm among Malaysian environmentalists for a reason that places that renowned longevity of the placid marine reptiles at risk: many turtles’ premature deaths. According to the Terengganu Fisheries Department, a total of 59 green sea turtles are known to have died last year around the state, while at least another 47 of them had done so the year before. The last of the turtles to perish in 2015 was a female that was found dead on a beach in Kuala Terengganu in late December. Alarmingly, 54 of the dead turtles were females and juveniles, which means that the viability of the remaining breeding populations in Malaysian waters has been further compromised, especially as many more green sea turtle deaths may not have been observed or reported. Overall, 55 of the animals whose deaths were recorded last year perished within the first six months of the year. Although green sea turtle populations are relatively stable in the waters of Malaysia, the reptiles are listed as endangered with their numbers having declined precipitously over the last few decades. Known as penyu agar to locals, the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests on the beaches and islands of Terengganu, Sabah, Sarawak, Pahang, Johor and Perak.
Der NABU warnt vor einem neuartigen Insektensterben mit bislang unbekannten Folgen in Deutschland. Allein in Nordrhein-Westfalen sei in den vergangenen 15 Jahren die Biomasse der Fluginsekten um bis zu 80 Prozent zurückgegangen (siehe beiliegende Veröffentlichung). Ähnlich alarmierende Entwicklungen befürchten die Naturschützer in weiteren Regionen Deutschlands und fordern, die Ursachen und das Ausmaß des Insektenschwunds bundesweit schnell aufzuklären. „Unsere Beobachtungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen sind beängstigend. Wenn uns die Fluginsekten fehlen, gerät die gesamte Nahrungskette in Gefahr: Blumen und Bäume werden nicht mehr bestäubt und Mauerseglern und Schwalben fehlt die Nahrungsgrundlage“, warnte Josef Tumbrinck, Landesvorsitzender des NABU Nordrhein-Westfalen. Er stellte am heutigen Mittwoch im Umweltausschuss des Bundestages die Untersuchungsergebnisse des Entomologischen Vereins Krefeld vor, mit dem der NABU zusammenarbeitet. Ehrenamtliche hatten zwischen 1989 und 2014 an insgesamt 88 Standorten in Nordrhein-Westfalen fliegende Insekten gesammelt, ihre Arten bestimmt und sie gewogen. „Während wir 1995 noch 1,6 Kilogramm aus den Untersuchungsfallen sammelten, sind wir heute froh, wenn es 300 Gramm sind“, so Tumbrinck. Der Rückgang von bis zu 80 Prozent beträfe unter anderem Schmetterlinge, Bienen und Schwebfliegen.
Outbreaks of infectious diseases in honey bees, fish, amphibians, bats and birds in the past two decades have coincided with the increasing use of systemic insecticides, notably the neonicotinoids and fipronil. A link between insecticides and such diseases is hypothesised. Firstly, the disease outbreaks started in countries and regions where systemic insecticides were used for the first time, and later they spread to other countries. Secondly, recent evidence of immune suppression in bees and fish caused by neonicotinoids has provided an important clue to understand the sub-lethal impact of these insecticides not only on these organisms, but probably on other wildlife affected by emerging infectious diseases. The negative impacts of pesticides, in particular insecticides, on bees and other pollinators have never been disputed. Insecticides can directly kill these vital insects, whereas herbicides reduce the diversity of their food resources, thus indirectly affecting their survival and reproduction. At sub-lethal level (bLD50), neurotoxic insecticide molecules are known to influence the cognitive abilities of bees, impairing their performance and ultimately impacting on the viability of the colonies. In addition, widespread systemic insecticides appear to have introduced indirect side effects on both honey bees and wild bumblebees, by deeply affecting their health. Immune suppression of the natural defences by neonicotinoid and phenyl-pyrazole (fipronil) insecticides opens the way to parasite infections and viral diseases, fostering their spread among individuals and among bee colonies at higher rates than under conditions of no exposure to such insecticides. This causal link between diseases and/or parasites in bees and neonicotinoids and other pesticides has eluded researchers for years because both factors are concurrent: while the former are the immediate cause of colony collapses and bee declines, the latter are a key factor contributing to the increasing negative impact of parasitic infections observed in bees in recent decades.