Butterflies

Nerve-agent pesticides should not be banned in Britain despite four separate scientific studies strongly linking them to sharp declines in bees around the world, Government scientists have advised. An internal review of recent research on neonicotinoids – pesticides that act on insects' central nervous systems and are increasingly blamed for problems with bee colonies – has concluded that no change is needed in British regulation. The British position contrasts sharply with that of France, which in June banned one of the pesticides, thiamethoxam, made by the Swiss chemicals giant Syngenta. French scientists said it was impairing the abilities of honey-bees to find their way back to their nests. The Green MP Caroline Lucas described the British attitude as one of "astonishing complacency".

Today, a number of groups including: the Center for Food Safety, Beyond Pesticides and the Sierra Club, (along with affected citizens from around the country), filed a Sixty-Day Notice with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of their intention to jointly sue the Agency for its violation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The intended lawsuit centres on the EPA's failure to ensure, (through consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), that the EPA's approval of numerous pesticides containing the neonicotinoid insecticides: clothianidin and thiamethoxam, are not likely to jeopardize any Federally-listed threatened or endangered species. "The EPA has failed to uphold the clear standards of the Endangered Species Act," said Peter Jenkins, attorney at the Center for Food Safety. "By continuing to ignore the growing number of reports and studies which demonstrate the risks of neonicotinoids to honey bees, and a large number of threatened and endangered species, the EPA is exposing these already compromised populations to potentially irreversible harm."

Wenn Otto Blattert in seinem idyllischen Garten im Stadtteil Spielberg sitzt, lässt er gerne seine Blicke zu den reich blühenden Stauden und den prächtigen Sommerfliederbüschen schweifen. Doch während sich auf den farbenfrohen Blüten früher zahlreiche Schmetterlinge tummelten, erblickt der begeisterte Naturliebhabers in jüngster Zeit immer weniger flatternde Tiere mit ihren bunten Mustern. "Seit 2010 bemerke ich jedes Jahr, dass die Zahl der Schmetterlinge in meinem Garten, aber auch in der freien Natur immer weiter abnimmt. Ob Schwalbenschwanz, Distelfalter oder Admiral: Diese großen Arten sind kaum noch zu sehen. Lediglich der kleine Kohlweißling tritt noch sehr häufig auf", klagt Blattert. Diese Beobachtung teilen auch andere Naturschutzexperten im Land, und so verwundert es nicht, dass inzwischen bereits 80 Prozent der Tagfalter auf der Roten Liste der bedrohten Arten stehen.

Die Botschaft der aktuell vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) neu aufgelegten Roten Liste der wirbellosen Tiere ist leider eindeutig: "Der Rückgang vieler Arten überwiegt die Zunahme einiger weniger Arten deutlich", fasste BfN-Präsidentin Prof. Beate Jessel die Kernaussage dieser Roten Liste zusammen. "Die aktuelle Roten Liste lenkt den Blick auf einige sonst wenig beachtete Artengruppen, die jedoch wichtige Funktionen in den Ökosystemen erfüllen: Etwa die für die Bestäubung wildlebender Pflanzen entscheidenden Wildbienen, Schwebfliegen, Schmetterlinge und Wespen oder auch weitere Hautflügler wie die Ameisen, die die Stoff- und Energieflüsse der Ökosysteme stark beeinflussen. In dem neu erschienenen Band werden alle in Deutschland lebenden wirbellosen Arten von insgesamt 17 Tiergruppen aufgelistet. Sie bieten eine vollständige Übersicht über die Vielfalt dieser Gruppen. Zentrales Element der Roten Liste sind die Ergebnisse der Gefährdungsanalysen für fast 6.000 Arten. Das sind 12,5 Prozent der gesamten deutschen Fauna. Insgesamt stehen davon 2.704 Arten auf der aktuellen Roten Liste, sind also bestandsgefährdet, extrem selten oder bereits ausgestorben oder verschollen. Das entspricht 45,8 Prozent aller untersuchten wirbellosen Arten. Bei der Roten Liste von 1998 lag dieser Wert für die entsprechenden Artengruppen noch bei 38,3 Prozent.

Although butterflies may seem like an attractive addition to your flower garden they are a more important insect than most people realise. Butterflies react extremely quickly to even minor changes in the environment, making them both a good indicator of biodiversity and providing an early warning system for other reductions in wildlife. As a result, they are now the best-monitored group of insects in the world. Acting as a vital wildlife indicator, butterflies can tell us almost everything we need to know about the health of an ecosystem. But from the Meadow Brown to the Swallowtail, British native butterfly species are slowly disappearing.
According to a report by the Dorset-based charity Butterfly Conservation, 72 per cent of butterfly and moth species have declined in the last ten years, and 54 per cent have decreased in the UK. Even the abundance of common garden butterflies, such as the Red Admiral, has dropped by 24 per cent.

Recognizing that the rapidly growing global use of highly persistent systemic pesticides, that are unprecedentedly toxic to invertebrates (including all pollinating insects), poses a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) established in 2011 a Task Force on Systemic Pesticides (TFSP) under the IUCN Species Survival and Ecosystem Management Commissions. At present TFSP numbers 36 experts and scientists from 13 countries in addition to a number of correspondents in others. Tokyo Forum on 2 September 2012 is its attempt to strengthen the working relationship with the Japanese counterparts in the field and the Japanese civil society, additionally shedding light on the public health implications of the systemic pesticides. Lectures by dr. Jeroen van der Sluijs (Utrecht university) and Drs Kuroda (Japanese Environmental Neuroscience Information Center) are attached. A full list of conference papers: http://www.actbeyondtrust.org/en/iucn-tokyo-forum-120902/

Some of the most well-loved flowers of the British countryside are disappearing from arable fields, conservationists warned today. Cornflowers, corn marigolds, pheasant's eye and, in some areas, poppies are becoming increasingly threatened species in the face of more intensive agriculture, plant charity Plantlife said. Cath Shellswell, of Plantlife, said many arable plant species are struggling, with corn buttercups and cornflowers now incredibly rare, while in Wales poppies are now considered rare in some areas. 'We're more efficient at cleaning seed to take out all the seeds you wouldn't want to plant. And we tend to use more herbicides, which are there to target problem species, lots of weeds we don't want to encourage, but it also affects these flowers as well.' Many of the arable wildflowers are important for wildlife, with hoverflies relying heavily on daisy species and plants such as poppies providing an important source of pollen for bees. Arable plants also provide seed food for birds such as skylark and yellowhammer and some, such as the poppy, are culturally important.