Algemeen

De insecticiden die verantwoordelijk worden gehouden voor de bijensterfte blijken ook sterfte bij vogels te veroorzaken. De American Bird Conservancy (ABC) concludeerde in een dik rapport dat deze zeer effectieve insectendodende gifstoffen aantoonbare invloed hebben op vogels. Deze stoffen worden ook verantwoordelijk gehouden voor de bijensterfte die in alle delen van de wereld gaande is. In ons land wordt op grote schaal gebruik gemaakt van dit gif. Heel jammer dat een voorstel van de Europese Commissie voor een verbod recent verworpen is. De bioloog Arnold van Vliet op Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/arnoldvanvliet

Surface runoff is an important process that affects the local water balance and causes soil erosion and rapid solute transport towards ditches, streams, and rivers. Surface runoff is the fastest route from field to stream and the main transport route for sediment and adsorbed contaminants, such as pesticides. It is the main contributor of pesticides to surface water bodies. The agricultural areas in The Netherlands most vulnerable to surface runoff are peat grasslands, where groundwater levels are kept close to the surface (less than 60 cm below soil surface), riverine heavy clay grasslands with low permeability and drainage by superficial trenches (less than 40 cm below soil surface), and sandy or clay soils with topsoil or subsoil compaction caused by treading, overstress due to large wheel loads of agricultural machinery, and tillage.

Are people good? Is humankind basically benign? In our current belief system, which we might term liberal secular humanism, which has held sway in the West since the Second World War, and which promotes human progress and well-being, only one response is permitted: Yes, of course! Any suggestion that there might be something wrong with people as a whole, with Man as a species, is absolute anathema. But today, two circumstances come together to prompt me to pose the question once more. The first is the ending, this week, of my 15 years as Environment Editor of The Independent. It has been a privilege beyond measure to work for so long for a wonderful newspaper which has put the environment at the heart of its view of the world. We are proud of all we have done about it, from raising the question, in 2000, of the mysterious disappearance of the house sparrow from London and other major cities – we offered a £5,000 prize for a proper scientific explanation, but the mystery remains – to devoting the whole of the front page, in 2011, to the then hardly recognised threat of neonicotinoid insecticides, now an obsession around the globe. But there have been what you might call side effects. For if, over the past decade and a half, you have closely observed what is happening to the Earth, week in, week out, you may take a dark view of the future; and I do. The reason is that the Earth is under threat, as it has never been before, from the ever more oppressive scale of the human enterprise: from the activities of a world population which doubled from three to six billion in four short decades, between 1960 and 2000, and which, in the four decades to come, will probably increase by three billion more. These activities are now wiping out ecosystems and species, across the world, at an ever increasing rate: the forests are chainsawed; the oceans are stripmined of their fish; the rivers, especially in the developing world, are ever more polluted; the farmland is rendered sterile of all but the monoculture crop by demented dosing with pesticides; the farmland insects and wild flowers and many of the birds have gone.

Insgesamt 275 Vereinsmitglieder und Gäste (neuer Rekord seit Altenburg 2007!) fanden sich am vergangenen Wochenende (22-24. März 2013) zur 51. Jahresversammlung und Sächsischen Ornithologentagung des Vereins Sächsischer Ornithologen in der westsächsischen Kleinstadt Hohenstein-Ernstthal ein, wo das „Schützenhaus“ beste Tagungsbedingungen bot. Höhepunkt im wissenschaftlichen Vortragsprogramm am Sonnabend war mit Sicherheit der Vortrag des niederländischen Toxikologen und Krebsforschers Dr. Henk Tennekes, der über neuartige Pestizide in der Landwirtschaft und deren katastrophalen Folgen auf die Nahrungskette in der Natur sprach. Viele Zuhörer zeigten sich nach diesen Ausführungen betroffen, ja geschockt und forderten eine Reaktion vom Verein. Wie daher zur Mitgliederversammlung beschlossen, wird der VSO eine entsprechende Petition an die Bundesregierung und die EU richten.

As part of a study on impacts from the world’s most widely used class of insecticides, nicotine-like chemicals called neonicotinoids, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) has called for a ban on their use as seed treatments and for the suspension of all applications pending an independent review of the products’ effects on birds, terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, and other wildlife. “It is clear that these chemicals have the potential to affect entire food chains. The environmental persistence of the neonicotinoids, their propensity for runoff and for groundwater infiltration, and their cumulative and largely irreversible mode of action in invertebrates raise significant environmental concerns,” said Cynthia Palmer, co-author of the report and Pesticides Program Manager for ABC, one of the nation’s leading bird conservation organizations. ABC commissioned world renowned environmental toxicologist Dr. Pierre Mineau to conduct the research. The 100-page report (attached), “The Impact of the Nation’s Most Widely Used Insecticides on Birds,” reviews 200 studies on neonicotinoids including industry research obtained through the US Freedom of Information Act. The report evaluates the toxicological risk to birds and aquatic systems and includes extensive comparisons with the older pesticides that the neonicotinoids have replaced. The assessment concludes that the neonicotinoids are lethal to birds and to the aquatic systems on which they depend.

In the past decade, many studies have implicated a class of pesticides known as “neonicotinoids” in the declines of pollinator populations, including bumble bees and honey bees. The toxic impact that these chemicals may be having on bees and other insects has brought them the most attention recently, and rightly so; one-third of the U.S. diet depends on pollinator services and they contribute over $15 billion to the U.S. agricultural economy. Pollinator losses represent a serious threat to the agricultural industry and our nation’s food security. First introduced in the 1990s in response to widespread pest resistance as well as public health objections to older pesticides, the neonicotinoid class of insecticides are now the most widely used insecticides in the world; it is difficult to find pest control commodities that do not contain one or several of these chemicals. The environmental persistence of neonicotinoids, their propensity for runoff and for groundwater infiltration, and their cumulative effects on invertebrates raise environmental concerns that go well beyond bees. A new American Bird Conservancy commissioned report by toxicologist Pierre Mineau reviews the effects on avian species and on the aquatic systems on which they depend. Larger ecosystem impacts and the relationship between neonicotinoids and alarming declines of birds, bees, and other organisms will be addressed.

Bis zum 28. Mai ist die Sonderausstellung "Fliegen, Singen, Brüten, Tauchen" im Museum für Naturkunde zu sehen. Sie wurde gemeinsam mit dem langjährigen Leiter des Botanischen Gartens Chemnitz, Ulrich Schuster, entwickelt und führt den Besucher durch die Vielfalt und Besonderheit der Vogelwelt Europas, Australiens, Afrikas und Amerikas. "Immer wenn ich auf Urlaubsreisen war, habe ich meine Kamera gezückt und die schönsten Vogel-Motive festgehalten", erzählt Schuster. Bereits als Zwölfjähriger nahm er an Vogelbeobachtungen teil. Als Lehrer für Biologie begleitete ihn die Ornithologie auch im Berufsleben. Ab 1976 war Ulrich Schuster pädagogischer Mitarbeiter in der Station Junger Naturforscher. Er erarbeitete in den Achtzigern ein nachhaltiges Konzept für einen Botanischen Garten der Stadt Chemnitz, welches am 5. Oktober 1989 realisiert wurde. Wenn Ulrich Schuster heute auf die Vogelwelt in Deutschland und speziell in Sachsen schaut, sieht er nichts Gutes. "Dadurch, dass in der Landwirtschaft immer mehr mit Chemie gearbeitet wird und die Insekten damit vernichtet werden, finden die Vögel nichts mehr zu fressen und sterben aus", sagt er. Der Kiebitz und das Rebhuhn seien bereits extrem selten geworden.

Neonicotinoids should no longer be used on crops which attract bees and other pollinating insects, the RSPB says, in a call for the Government to support a proposed EU ban on the three most common neonicotinoid substances. The intervention of the million-member society comes after a mounting tide of evidence indicating linkages between the use of the chemicals, made by the agribusiness giants Bayer and Syngenta, and collapses in colonies of honey bees and bumblebees. More than 30 separate scientific studies in the last three years have shown adverse effects on insects from neonicotinoids, which are "systemic" insecticides, meaning they enter every part of the target plants – including the pollen and nectar which bees harvest. In January, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a scientific opinion recommending that the three main substances – imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam – should not be used on crops attractive to bees. RSPB agricultural policy officer Ellie Crane said yesterday: "We've been reviewing the science for a long time, and scientists are telling us that neonicotinoids might be killing bees.