Hommels

Evidence from around the world points to falling and increasingly unpredictable yields of insect-pollinated crops, particularly in the areas with the most intensive farming. Where crops are grown in vast fields, there are not enough insects to go around. If insecticides are sprayed too frequently, then vital pollinators cannot survive. The most dramatic example comes from the apple and pear orchards of south west China, where wild bees have been eradicated by excessive pesticide use and a lack of natural habitat. In recent years, farmers have been forced to hand-pollinate their trees, carrying pots of pollen and paintbrushes with which to individually pollinate every flower, and using their children to climb up to the highest blossoms. This is clearly just possible for this high-value crop, but there are not enough humans in the world to pollinate all of our crops by hand. Without bees, our diets would be depressingly poor. We would be forced to survive on wind-pollinated crops; wheat, barley and corn, and little else. Imagine shops without raspberries, apples, strawberries, peas, beans, courgettes, melons, tomatoes, blueberries, pumpkins and much more. Bees and other insects have provided free pollination for our crops for millennia. They will continue to do so if we learn to recognise their importance and return the favour by providing them with what they need to survive.

Pesticides used in farming are also killing worker bumblebees and damaging their ability to gather food, meaning colonies that are vital for plant pollination are more likely to fail when they are used, a study showed on Sunday. British scientists said they exposed colonies of 40 bumblebees, which are bigger than the more common honeybee, to the pesticides neonicotinoid and pyrethroid over four weeks at levels similar to those in fields. "Chronic exposure ... impairs natural foraging behavior and increases worker mortality, leading to significant reductions in brood development and colony success," the scientists wrote in the report in the journal Nature on Sunday. Exposure to a combination of the two pesticides "increases the propensity of colonies to fail", according to the researchers at Royal Holloway, University of London.

Zwei neue Studien aus Großbritannien zeigen, dass die Artenvielfalt auf der Insel stark abnimmt. Der Zensus der britischen Forscher zeigt, dass auch Insekten - die bisher als unverwüstlich galten - davon betroffen sind. 20.000 Freiwillige durchstreiften die Wiesen und Wälder Großbritanniens, zählten hingebungsvoll Pflanzen, Vögel und Schmetterlinge. Danach sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten die Vogelarten um rund 50 Prozent zurückgegangen, bei den Pflanzenarten ist es ein Drittel, erklärt Jeremy Thomas vom britischen Zentrum für Ökologie und Hydrologie: "Wir haben erstmals für irgendein Land auf dieser Welt einen sehr, sehr detaillierten Datensatz, nicht nur über den Bestand, sondern auch über die Veränderungen, denn wir haben Vergleichsdaten, die bei großen Zählaktionen vor 20 bis 40 Jahren gewonnen worden sind. Danach haben die heimischen Vogel- und Pflanzenarten stark abgenommen, ebenso die Schmetterlinge, die stellvertretend stehen für alle Insekten. Ja, den Schmetterlingen scheint es sogar noch schlechter zu gehen als den anderen."

There is no sign of the rusty-patched bumble bee which used to be one of the most common bees in southern Ontario and Quebec but is now one of the rarest. In fact, the rusty-patched bumble bee, known to scientists as Bombus affinis, is the first bee in North America to be officially declared an endangered species. Federal Environment Minister Peter Kent added the bee to Canada's list this summer and federal wildlife advisers warn the bee appears to be on the brink of extinction. Few people even realized the bee was in trouble until Sheila Colla, a PhD student at York University, documented the drastic decline. "It shows we are really not paying attention, which is kind of scary," she says. Bees may not be everyone's favourite bugs - onlookers tend to take a few steps back when they realize Colla is using her net to catch bees, not butterflies - but they are key eco-logical players. They're essential for production of fruit and seeds that feed everything from bears to birds. They also pollinate crops that produce one-third of the human food supply. "Yet most people consider them to be an irritant," says York biologist Laurence Packer, keeper of Canada's biggest bee collection.

Nerve-agent pesticides should not be banned in Britain despite four separate scientific studies strongly linking them to sharp declines in bees around the world, Government scientists have advised. An internal review of recent research on neonicotinoids – pesticides that act on insects' central nervous systems and are increasingly blamed for problems with bee colonies – has concluded that no change is needed in British regulation. The British position contrasts sharply with that of France, which in June banned one of the pesticides, thiamethoxam, made by the Swiss chemicals giant Syngenta. French scientists said it was impairing the abilities of honey-bees to find their way back to their nests. The Green MP Caroline Lucas described the British attitude as one of "astonishing complacency".

Today, a number of groups including: the Center for Food Safety, Beyond Pesticides and the Sierra Club, (along with affected citizens from around the country), filed a Sixty-Day Notice with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of their intention to jointly sue the Agency for its violation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The intended lawsuit centres on the EPA's failure to ensure, (through consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), that the EPA's approval of numerous pesticides containing the neonicotinoid insecticides: clothianidin and thiamethoxam, are not likely to jeopardize any Federally-listed threatened or endangered species. "The EPA has failed to uphold the clear standards of the Endangered Species Act," said Peter Jenkins, attorney at the Center for Food Safety. "By continuing to ignore the growing number of reports and studies which demonstrate the risks of neonicotinoids to honey bees, and a large number of threatened and endangered species, the EPA is exposing these already compromised populations to potentially irreversible harm."

The purpose of the attached reports by Rosemary Mason and Palle Uhd Jepsen is to highlight the problems of the current and future use of agrochemical products, using a series of case studies. Have we forgotten Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring from 1962? Many of these chemicals are far more toxic (and persistent) than DDT. They are the silent destroyers of human health and the environment.

Die Botschaft der aktuell vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) neu aufgelegten Roten Liste der wirbellosen Tiere ist leider eindeutig: "Der Rückgang vieler Arten überwiegt die Zunahme einiger weniger Arten deutlich", fasste BfN-Präsidentin Prof. Beate Jessel die Kernaussage dieser Roten Liste zusammen. "Die aktuelle Roten Liste lenkt den Blick auf einige sonst wenig beachtete Artengruppen, die jedoch wichtige Funktionen in den Ökosystemen erfüllen: Etwa die für die Bestäubung wildlebender Pflanzen entscheidenden Wildbienen, Schwebfliegen, Schmetterlinge und Wespen oder auch weitere Hautflügler wie die Ameisen, die die Stoff- und Energieflüsse der Ökosysteme stark beeinflussen. In dem neu erschienenen Band werden alle in Deutschland lebenden wirbellosen Arten von insgesamt 17 Tiergruppen aufgelistet. Sie bieten eine vollständige Übersicht über die Vielfalt dieser Gruppen. Zentrales Element der Roten Liste sind die Ergebnisse der Gefährdungsanalysen für fast 6.000 Arten. Das sind 12,5 Prozent der gesamten deutschen Fauna. Insgesamt stehen davon 2.704 Arten auf der aktuellen Roten Liste, sind also bestandsgefährdet, extrem selten oder bereits ausgestorben oder verschollen. Das entspricht 45,8 Prozent aller untersuchten wirbellosen Arten. Bei der Roten Liste von 1998 lag dieser Wert für die entsprechenden Artengruppen noch bei 38,3 Prozent.

Recognizing that the rapidly growing global use of highly persistent systemic pesticides, that are unprecedentedly toxic to invertebrates (including all pollinating insects), poses a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) established in 2011 a Task Force on Systemic Pesticides (TFSP) under the IUCN Species Survival and Ecosystem Management Commissions. At present TFSP numbers 36 experts and scientists from 13 countries in addition to a number of correspondents in others. Tokyo Forum on 2 September 2012 is its attempt to strengthen the working relationship with the Japanese counterparts in the field and the Japanese civil society, additionally shedding light on the public health implications of the systemic pesticides. Lectures by dr. Jeroen van der Sluijs (Utrecht university) and Drs Kuroda (Japanese Environmental Neuroscience Information Center) are attached. A full list of conference papers: http://www.actbeyondtrust.org/en/iucn-tokyo-forum-120902/